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Trends in Sudden Cardiac Arrest Cases Among Individuals Aged 24-45 Years and Factors Contributing to it

Author(s) Manaswi Chigurupati
Country United States
Abstract One of the major global health concerns has been mortality due to sudden cardiac arrest (SCA/D), attributing to ~15-20% of cases of deaths across different age groups. Mortality within one hour of the commencement of the initial signs due to a cardiovascular factor or due to an unknown cause is referred to as sudden cardiac death. The heart function halts and thus not able to maintain sufficient perfusion resulting in end of life in the majority of cases. This is an emergency condition and in certain cases, resuscitation is achieved, however, the rate of resuscitation post-SCA/D remains low. Age-associated structural cardiac dysfunctionality has been a keyreasonfor sudden cardiac death. However, a growing heterogeneity and shift in the age group associated with sudden cardiac death is becoming a significant global health challenge. There has been an increase in age-adjusted mortality from 2.36 in the year 1999 to 3.16 in the year 2019 in individuals aged <45 years due to cardiac arrest. The underlying cause of sudden cardiac death, especially in the aged subjects, has been coronary artery disease in almost 75% of the cases. Ironically, different etiological factors are instrumental in developingSCA/D in young adults. Primarily, irrespective of age, coronary and non-coronary causes are responsible for SCA/D. Coronary causes include coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis and arteritis while non-coronary causes include, non-ischemic heart disease (like genetically acquired arrhythmias viz., Brugada syndrome and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, irregularity of the cardiac conduction system) and neurological dysfunctioning (like, intracranial haemorrhage, electrolyte, metabolic, and endocrinal irrationalities, renal malfunction, side effects of certain drugs, and substance usage. Lifestyle factors also contribute significantly to the development of fatal cardiac conditions. Athletes are also highly susceptible to developing lethal arrhythmias and hence at risk for SCA/D. In recent times, COVID-19 also seems to be an underlying cause of cardiovascular system-associated mortality. This review will focus on understanding the causative factors leading to the development of cardiac complications that can result in SCA/D and death in young adults and will briefly address the preventive measures that could be undertaken.
Keywords Coronary heart disease, Myocarditis, Congenital cardiomyopathy, COVID-19, Athletes
Published In Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2024
Published On 2024-03-08
Cite This Trends in Sudden Cardiac Arrest Cases Among Individuals Aged 24-45 Years and Factors Contributing to it - Manaswi Chigurupati - IJLRP Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2024. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.14905663
DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14905663
Short DOI https://doi.org/g85r7t
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